A comparison of ketorolac with flunixin, butorphanol, and oxymorphone in controlling postoperative pain in dogs.

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Title:	A comparison of ketorolac with flunixin, butorphanol, and oxymorphone in controlling postoperative pain in dogs.
Author:	Mathews, K A : Paley, D M : Foster, R A : Valliant, A E : Young, S S
Citation:	Can-Vet-J. 1996 Sep; 37(9): 557-67
Abstract:	Ketorolac tromethamine, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic, was compared with flunixin and butorphanol for its analgesic efficacy and potential side effects after laparotomy or shoulder arthrotomy in dogs. Sixty-four dogs were randomly assigned to receive butorphanol 0.4 mg/kg body weight (BW) (n = 21), flunixin 1.0 mg/kg BW (n = 21), or ketorolac 0.5 mg/kg BW (n = 22), in a double blind fashion. The analgesic efficacy was rated from 1 to 4 (1 = inadequate, 4 = excellent) for each dog. The average scores after laparotomy were ketorolac, 3.4; flunixin, 2.7; and butorphanol, 1.6. After shoulder arthrotomy, the average scores were ketorolac, 3.5; flunixin, 3.0; and butorphanol, 1.4 (5/11 dogs). As butorphanol was unable to control pain after shoulder arthrotomy, oxymorphone, 0.05 mg/kg BW, replaced butorphanol in a subsequent group of dogs and had a score of 2.0 (6/11 dogs). Serum alanine aminotransferase and creatinine were significantly elevated above baseline at 24 hours postoperatively in dogs receiving flunixin. One dog in each group developed melena or hematochezia. One dog receiving ketorolac had histological evidence of gastric ulceration. We concluded that ketorolac is a good analgesic for postoperative pain in dogs.
Review References:	None
Notes:	Copyright Canadian Veterinary Medical Association. Abstracts are reprinted by the permission of the publisher of the journal for volume, pages, and dates cited. Hypertext links to electronic journal sites, if available, can be found in the the Peer Reviewed Journal List on the IBIDS home page.
Language:	English
Publication Type:	Clinical-Trial; Journal-Article; Randomized-Controlled-Trial
Keywords:	Analgesics, Opioid therapeutic use : Anti Inflammatory Agents, Non Steroidal therapeutic use : Butorphanol therapeutic use : Clonixin analogs and derivatives : Dog Diseases drug therapy : Oxymorphone therapeutic use : Pain, Postoperative veterinary : Tolmetin analogs and derivatives
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